How does a water-source heat pump differ from other types of heat pumps?

A water-source heat pump is designed to utilize water as the heat exchange medium, distinguishing it from other heat pump types. By leveraging a nearby water body—such as a lake, pond, or well—this system can achieve more efficient heat transfer because water has a higher thermal conductivity than air. This allows the heat pump to extract or dissipate heat more effectively during heating or cooling cycles.

This method results in improved efficiency and performance, especially in climates where air-source heat pumps might struggle with temperature extremes. Utilizing water helps maintain more stable temperatures, which enhances the overall energy efficiency of the heating and cooling process when compared to air or ground-source systems that utilize soil.

Other options provide different mediums—air and ground, which are used in air-source and ground-source heat pumps, respectively—but they do not encompass the efficiency and performance benefits associated with using water for heat exchange. While installation costs can vary depending on many factors, such as the specific site conditions and local regulations, the key differentiator for water-source systems remains their reliance on water bodies for thermal exchange.