What defines a "split system" heat pump?

A "split system" heat pump is defined as a configuration that includes both indoor and outdoor units. In this arrangement, the outdoor unit typically houses the compressor and the condenser, while the indoor unit contains the evaporator and often the air handler. This design allows for efficient heat transfer and better energy management, as the components can be placed in the most effective locations for heating or cooling a building.

This setup contrasts with a unitary system, which combines all components into a single package. The split design provides flexibility in installation and maintenance, as the indoor and outdoor components can be connected through refrigerant lines and electrical wiring while being physically separated. This separation can enhance the aesthetic appeal of a building's interior and facilitate the effective dispersion of conditioned air indoors.

Other options do not accurately capture the defining characteristics of a split system heat pump. For instance, a system with both indoor and outdoor units is precisely what defines split systems, while other forms of systems, such as those exclusively using geothermal energy or those designed only for chilled water, do not meet the criteria for being a "split system."