Which refrigerants are commonly used in heat pumps?

The use of R-410A and R-134A as refrigerants in heat pumps is widely recognized in the HVAC industry due to their efficiency and environmental considerations. R-410A, a hydrofluorocarbon (HFC), has become a standard refrigerant for residential and commercial heat pumps because it operates at higher pressures than older refrigerants like R-22, which allows for more efficient heat transfer. This efficiency leads to improved performance and reduced energy consumption. Additionally, R-410A does not deplete the ozone layer, making it a more environmentally-friendly option compared to some other refrigerants used historically.

R-134A, also an HFC, is commonly used in various refrigeration and air conditioning applications. It too provides effective performance while being less harmful to the ozone layer compared to alternative refrigerants.

The other options represent refrigerants that may have specific applications but are not the standard choices for heat pumps. Freon, often associated with older systems, has been largely phased out due to its ozone-depleting properties. Ammonia is used in industrial applications but poses safety risks, making it uncommon in residential heat pump systems. Propane and butane, while being more eco-friendly alternatives, require specialized handling due to their fl